摘要 :
Integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed methods research generates confirmed, discordant, and expanded findings. Guidance is available about the methods and strategies for the meaningful integration of data. Howe...
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Integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed methods research generates confirmed, discordant, and expanded findings. Guidance is available about the methods and strategies for the meaningful integration of data. However, little has been written about strategies for managing discordant findings in mixed methods. This paper describes and illustrates practical strategies for managing and integrating discordant findings in mixed methods analyses based on researchers reflections and experiences of managing and integrating discordant findings in convergent and sequential exploratory mixed methods studies. Two strategies, namely, comprehensive case and variable analysis and sociocultural exploration are proposed. Comprehensive case analysis involves identifying discordant findings in quantitative data, identifying supportive data in qualitative data, and selecting variables for mixed analysis and interpretation. Sociocultural exploration comprises qualitative code and quantitative data matrix for themes, identification of discordant findings under each theme, and development of sociocultural profile. Identifying and addressing discordant findings in mixed methods is an essential step of rigorous mixed methods analysis. The comprehensive case and variable analysis and sociocultural exploration strategies emphasize the need to examine discordance in data at an early stage of analysis. Further use and evaluation of these strategies are warranted to expand the body of knowledge about practical methods of mixed methods data analysis.
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The mixed methods paradigm is still in its adolescence, and, thus, is still relatively unknown and confusing to many researchers. In general, mixed methods research represents research that involves collecting, analyzing, and inte...
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The mixed methods paradigm is still in its adolescence, and, thus, is still relatively unknown and confusing to many researchers. In general, mixed methods research represents research that involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or in a series of studies that investigate the same underlying phenomenon. Over the last several years, a plethora of research designs have been developed. However, the number of designs that currently prevail leaves the doctoral student, the beginning researcher, and even the experienced researcher who is new to the field of mixed methods research with the challenge of selecting optimal mixed methods designs. This paper presents a three-dimensional typology of mixed methods designs that represents an attempt to rise to the challenge of creating an integrated typology of mixed methods designs. An example for each design is included as well as a notation system that fits our eight-design framework.
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While the field of mixed methods has discussed complexity theory, more clarification regarding its conceptualization is needed. Accordingly, we first review how various fields have interpreted and applied the central ideas of comp...
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While the field of mixed methods has discussed complexity theory, more clarification regarding its conceptualization is needed. Accordingly, we first review how various fields have interpreted and applied the central ideas of complexity theory in the social sciences. We then analyze two empirical studies that used complexity theory and mixed methods. We highlight how both studies examined complex systems, used elements of complexity theory as their theoretical framework, and used complexity–congruent methodologies and methods. To conclude, we offer conceptual and methodological implications for using complexity theory for mixed methods research. We view the clarification provided an important contribution to the field of mixed methods as it assists researchers in studying complex systems, theorizing complex phenomena, and using complex methods.
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There is a paucity of empirical research on teaching mixed methods. To fill this gap in literature, this convergent mixed methods study explores the effectiveness of using active learning approaches in teaching a mixed methods cou...
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There is a paucity of empirical research on teaching mixed methods. To fill this gap in literature, this convergent mixed methods study explores the effectiveness of using active learning approaches in teaching a mixed methods course. The qualitative data, including 10 individual interviews, 29 students’ reflections, and 26 teaching evaluation surveys, were used to examine students’ learning experience and outcomes. Students’ presentations ( N = 29) and final papers ( N = 29) were transformed into numbers as the quantitative data. The converged results indicated that students were actively engaged in learning and achieved the expected learning outcomes. This study makes valuable contributions to the mixed methods pedagogical culture by providing details and suggestions on how to use active learning approaches in teaching mixed methods.
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As mixed methods continues to grow as a discipline, work to define what constitutes quality mixed methods research has become an emergent conversation. While progress has been made in this area, there has been some debate as to wh...
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As mixed methods continues to grow as a discipline, work to define what constitutes quality mixed methods research has become an emergent conversation. While progress has been made in this area, there has been some debate as to what quality entails and how to achieve it. This article contributes to mixed methods by highlighting the importance of rigor as an interdisciplinary baseline for quality evaluation and proposes a rigorous mixed methods framework. This framework is then applied to the management studies literature to give insight into a literature base where mixed methods research is still relatively nascent. Findings give examples of current practices in management studies as well as an example of how the rigorous mixed methods framework can be operationalized.
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Scholars have created a variety of typologies to describe and simplify mixed methods research designs. In this article, I review the rationale for using these typologies and discuss some shortcomings of the existing methods of cla...
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Scholars have created a variety of typologies to describe and simplify mixed methods research designs. In this article, I review the rationale for using these typologies and discuss some shortcomings of the existing methods of classification. I argue that current systems of classification, although useful for simple and less fluid types of mixed methods research, are not capable of capturing the complexity and iterative nature of larger, more intricate research projects. I suggest an alternative way of viewing and describing mixed methods research for studies that resist simple classification. This alternative perspective shifts the unit of reference to the point of interface-where QUAL and QUAN data are integrated-and reduces the number of descriptive dimensions to two-the timing and the purpose of data integration.
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We investigate the mixing properties of scalars stirred by spatially smooth, divergence-free flows and maintained by a steady source-sink distribution. We focus on the spatial variation of the scalar field, described by the dissip...
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We investigate the mixing properties of scalars stirred by spatially smooth, divergence-free flows and maintained by a steady source-sink distribution. We focus on the spatial variation of the scalar field, described by the dissipation wavenumber, k d, that we define as a function of the mean variance of the scalar and its gradient. We derive a set of upper bounds that for large Péclet number (Pe > 1) yield four distinct regimes for the scaling behaviour of k _d, one of which corresponds to the Batchelor regime. The transition between these regimes is controlled by the value of Pe and the ratio p = ? _u/? _s, where ? _u and ? _s are, respectively, the characteristic length scales of the velocity and source fields. A fifth regime is revealed by homogenization theory. These regimes reflect the balance between different processes: scalar injection, molecular diffusion, stirring and bulk transport from the sources to the sinks. We verify the relevance of these bounds by numerical simulations for a two-dimensional, chaotically mixing example flow and discuss their relation to previous bounds. Finally, we note some implications for three-dimensional turbulent flows.
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The results of a content analysis of the articles published in the leading counseling journal, Journal of Counseling & Development, between 2002 and 2010 are presented. The authors present a brief description of mixed research to encourage counseling researchers to explore mixed research as a viable research tool....
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The results of a content analysis of the articles published in the leading counseling journal, Journal of Counseling & Development, between 2002 and 2010 are presented. The authors present a brief description of mixed research to encourage counseling researchers to explore mixed research as a viable research tool.
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Abstract Objective Mixed methods can foster depth and breadth in psychological research. However, its use remains in development in psychotherapy research. Our purpose was to review the use of mixed methods in psychotherapy resear...
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Abstract Objective Mixed methods can foster depth and breadth in psychological research. However, its use remains in development in psychotherapy research. Our purpose was to review the use of mixed methods in psychotherapy research. Method Thirty‐one studies were identified via the PRISMA systematic review method. Using Creswell & Plano Clark's typologies to identify design characteristics, we assessed each study for rigor and how each used mixed methods. Results Key features of mixed methods designs and these common patterns were identified: (a) integration of clients’ perceptions via mixing; (b) understanding group psychotherapy; (c) integrating methods with cases and small samples; (d) analyzing clinical data as qualitative data; and (e) exploring cultural identities in psychotherapy through mixed methods. Conclusion The review is discussed with respect to the value of integrating multiple data in single studies to enhance psychotherapy research.
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